Dear student/families – I am a professor at Stanford, and I specialize in the best ways to learn maths. I have worked with many students over the years, from kindergarten to college, and have found that they are really helped by the messages that I share below: 

Struggling is really important! The most important time for your brain is when you are struggling and finding ideas difficult.1 Your brain is like a muscle – when you challenge your brain it is like working out in the gym. Some students – often the highest achieving – believe that struggle is a sign of weakness. This is very far from the truth. We know that the most successful people in the world are those who react positively in times of struggle. 

Celebrate mistakes, they are a time when your brain is struggling and growing! There is no such thing as a math brain! No one is born with or without a “maths brain” and success in maths is not due to “talent” or “gifts”, it is due to hard work. We all build or strengthen mathematical pathways when we work on maths problems.2 The best way to build pathways is to work through questions, doing maths! If there is an area of maths you don’t feel good about, work through some questions and you will develop the pathways you need. 

Maths is not just about rules! Maths is not, as many people think, a subject made up of rules and methods. It is a conceptual subject made up of a few big, beautiful ideas and connections between them.3 If you learn the ideas in your course or grade level, deeply, you will be a mathematician. 

Approach maths in different ways! We learn maths when we visualize, draw, build, write, talk about ideas, and move, as well as when we calculate, as maths is a multidimensional subject.4 If you want your whole brain to develop in the best way, experience maths in different ways. 

Slow is good! High maths achievement does not mean thinking quickly as maths is not about speed. Mathematicians are often very slow thinkers as they think slowly and deeply.5 They know that it is when you dive deeply into mathematical ideas you experience the beauty of maths. 

Advocate for yourself! Everyone should work on as high a level of maths as they are ready for – if you need to be in a different class at school, talk to teachers, and advocate for yourself. You should always keep high-level math as your goal, as we can all learn to the highest levels, and maths should be a part of everyone’s future. 

References 1. Boaler (2019). Limitless Mind. Learn, Lead and Live without Barriers. Harper Collins. www.struggly.com 2. Doidge, N. (2007). The brain that changes itself: Stories of personal triumph from the frontiers of brain science. Penguin. 3. www.youcubed.org/resources/tai-danae-bradley/ 4. V. Menon, “Salience Network,” in Arthur W. Toga, ed., Brain Mapping: An Encyclopedic Reference, vol. 2 (London: Academic, 2015), 597–611. 5.